Harry Miller - ZERO-SUM VERSUS POSITIVE-SUM CONCEPTIONS OF WEALTH IN TRADITIONAL CHINA

jpe:16780 - Journal of Philosophical Economics, May 21, 2026, Volume XVIII - https://doi.org/10.46298/jpe.16780
ZERO-SUM VERSUS POSITIVE-SUM CONCEPTIONS OF WEALTH IN TRADITIONAL CHINAArticle

Authors: Harry Miller ORCID1

  • 1 University of South Alabama


The idea that wealth is fixed in amount tended to predominate in traditional China. On one extreme were the Legalist philosophers, whose view of wealth conformed to their notion of zero-sum competition between public and private. On the other extreme were the Buddhists, whose beliefs included the concept of "one is many, many is one," facilitating wealth creation via "inexhaustible treasuries." Occupying the middle groundand ending up in possession of the fieldwere the Confucianists, who, while claiming to nurture the private sector under such banners as "storing wealth among the people," seemed the most open to the possibility that laissez-faire would best grow the economy. However, the Confucians were only favoring a distribution of wealth that favored the private sector, with the wealth to be distributed retaining in their eyes its finite character, incapable of multiplication.


Volume: Volume XVIII
Section: Articles
Published on: May 21, 2026
Accepted on: May 4, 2026
Submitted on: October 24, 2025
Keywords: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences